Which soil horizon is typically found in Spodosols?

The correct choice is the illuvial horizon, commonly identified in Spodosols. This horizon, typically referred to as the illuvial or B horizon, is characterized by the accumulation of leached materials. In Spodosols, this is primarily composed of iron, aluminum oxides, and organic matter, which can impart a distinctive color and texture to the soil profile.

Spodosols are typically found in cold, moist climates and are associated with coniferous forest ecosystems. The formation of the illuvial horizon occurs as water percolates through the soil, leaching nutrients and minerals from the upper layers, particularly the eluviation horizon, and depositing them in the illuvial horizon. This process contributes to the distinct layering seen in these soils, where the accumulation of iron and aluminum gives the horizon a characteristic look.

In contrast to this, the other horizons mentioned serve different functions in various soil types. The mollic horizon is rich in organic matter and typically found in Mollisols, the argillic horizon indicates clay illuviation and is common in Alfisols and Ultisols, while the cambic horizon is indicative of soil that has undergone some alteration but is not fully developed. Therefore, the unique characteristics and processes that define Spodosols