Which horizon is typically identified as cambic?

The cambic horizon is characterized by its development due to soil-forming processes that involve weathering and alteration of minerals without significant illuviation (the leaching or movement of materials from one horizon to another). The correct identification of the cambic horizon includes features such as changes in soil color, structure, and sometimes slight accumulation of clay or iron.

The horizons listed in the correct choice typically include the Bw horizon, which is indicative of weak soil development that still shows color and texture changes from the parent material. This horizon signifies transitional characteristics, marking it as a cambic horizon. Other horizons in this option, like Ba and Bg, also demonstrate certain morphological features typical of cambic horizons.

In contrast, the other options consist of different types of horizons that do not represent a cambic horizon. For example, the AB, AC, A, and E horizons are generally more surface-related or eluviated layers and do not reflect the characteristics of the cambic horizon. The BS, Bhs, and Bhsm horizons are associated with more advanced soil development stages, often linked to higher levels of illuviation. Lastly, the O, C, and R horizons are either organic, unweathered parent material, or not developed to the extent found