What characteristic feature is found in a spodic horizon?

A spodic horizon is a distinct layer commonly found in some soil profiles, particularly under forested conditions in more humid climates. The defining feature of a spodic horizon is the accumulation of illuviated materials, which usually includes organic matter, iron, and aluminum oxides. This horizon typically forms as a result of leaching processes where these components wash down from the overlying layers, particularly from the accumulation zone of organic matter where the conditions favor the development of podzolization.

The reference to the Bs and Bhs layers highlights the typical stratification associated with spodic horizons. The Bs layer indicates an accumulation of iron and aluminum oxides, while the Bhs layer is rich in organic matter. This stratified arrangement is essential for identifying spouse soils, which display distinct horizons due to the illuviation process.

The other options may describe characteristics relevant to different soil horizons or zones, but they do not capture the essence of what defines a spodic horizon. For instance, high clay content might be associated with other soil types, the presence of organic matter is indeed found in the Bhs but does not encompass the entire spectrum defining a spodic horizon, and low pH values are common in some acid soils but do not specifically denote the spodic